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Short for Internet Protocol address, an IP address is an address of a computer or other network device on a network using TCP/IP. For example, the number "166.70.10.23" is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the Internet.

Class	Address Range	Supports
Class A	1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254	Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Class B	128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254	Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Class C	192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254	Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Class D	224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255	Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E	240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254	Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.

IP:	255	255	255	255
Binary value:	11111111	11111111	11111111	11111111
Octet value:	8	8	8	8

166	70	10	23
10100110	01000110	00001010	00010111
128+32+4+2=166	64+4+2=70	8+2=10	16+4+2+1=23

192.168.1.0	0 is the automatically assigned network address.
192.168.1.1	1 is the commonly used address used as the gateway.
192.168.1.2	2 is also a commonly used address used for a gateway.
192.168.1.3 - 254	Addresses beyond 3 are assigned to computers and devices on the network.
192.168.1.255	255 is automatically assigned on most networks as the broadcast address.

source :http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/ip.htm

 
When Earth Day observances first began in 1970, Cleveland had recently doused a pollutant-fueled fire on a section of the Cuyahoga River. Cities were often shrouded in thick blankets of smog. And large portions of Lake Erie were so fouled by industrial, farm, and sewage runoff that sections of the 241-mile-long lake were pronounced dead.
As an environmental issue, global warming was far down the list of concerns.
At the time, a small number of climate scientists noted a general cooling trend in Earth's climate. They even suggested Earth might be about to begin a millenniums-long slide into a new ice age.
It was a decidedly minority view, however. And it quickly faded as global average temperatures rose and as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation pushed concentrations of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere relentlessly higher.
Since that first Earth Day, the air over major cities is cleaner. Lake Erie is healthier. So is the Cuyahoga River, which groups in Cleveland would like to turn into a centerpiece of urban life. The improvements have come with "yes, but ..." as other environmental challenges have elbowed their way to the fore. But for the most part, tools are in place to deal with them.
So, how are we doing on global warming, now widely seen as the century's most pressing environmental issue?
For the most basic measure, let's turn to the atmosphere and the changes that human activities are imposing on the mix of gases it contains – primarily carbon dioxide (CO2).
Most climate scientists trace global warming to the relatively rapid buildup of atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels long sequestered deep underground.
Though only 0.04 percent of all the gases in the troposphere, where weather happens, CO2 is second only to water vapor as the most abundant greenhouse gas. And where a water molecule may remain airborne for up to 10 days before returning to the surface as rain, a newly emitted molecule of CO2 can remain in the air for centuries.
"From the grossest physical indicator, we're not getting the job done as a planet," says Alden Meyer, director of the Union of Concerned Scientists office in Washington, of the steady rise in CO2 levels.
"But ... there's some good news in the fact that some countries are moving forward with domestic strategies" for curbing greenhouse-gas emissions, says Mr. Meyer, who closely tracks national and international efforts to deal with climate change. "Is it enough, fast enough? No. But are they better than business as usual? Yes."
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have reached the highest level in at least 800,000 years, reaching 395 molecules of CO2 for every million molecules of all gases in the atmosphere – 395 parts per million – some 45 to 50 percent higher than preindustrial levels.

1. Transparent Frog

2. Transparent Cave Crayfish

3. Transparent Sea Cucumber

4. Transparent Icefish

5. Transparent Amphipod

6. Transparent Squid

Found on the southern hemisphere’s oceans, the Glass Squid (Teuthowenia pellucida) has light organs on its eyes and possesses the ability to roll into a ball, like an aquatic hedgehog.

7. Transparent Siphonophores

For the Comment model, we mainly need to customize the rules() and attributeLabels() methods. The attributeLabels() method returns a mapping between attribute names and attribute labels. We do not need to touch relations() since the code generated by the Gii tool is good enough.

1. Customizing rules() Method

We first customize the validation rules generated by the Gii tool. The following rules are used for comments:
In the above, we specify that the author, email and content attributes are required; the length of author, email and url cannot exceed 128; the email attribute must be a valid email address; and the url attribute must be a valid URL.

2. Customizing attributeLabels() Method

We then customize the attributeLabels() method to declare the label display for each model attribute. This method returns an array consisting of name-label pairs. When we call CHtml::activeLabel() to display an attribute label.

Tip: If the label for an attribute is not declared in attributeLabels(), an algorithm will be used to generate an appropriate label. For example, a label Create Time will be generated for attributes create_time or createTime.

3. Customizing Saving Process

Because we want to record the creation time of a comment, we override the beforeSave() method of Comment like we do for the Post model: